BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY
Originally posted, 9/29/00, last update, 6/4/21
last link check 6/4/21
Supplementary online exercises and links to tutorials.
Prepared by Steve Murov
Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, Modesto Junior College
murovs@yosemite.edu
For the same
exercises without the links to tutorials, please visit:
http://murov.info/chemexe.htm
For introductions to chemistry, please visit:
http://murov.info/chemessentials.htm
http://murov.info/chemhighlights.htm
http://murov.info/chemenrichment.htm
For many more chemistry websites by Murov, please visit: http://murov.info
New, 6/26/21, solved examples from problems in
Chapters 1-16 below.
http://murov.info/chemprob.pptx
download required
http:/murov.info/chemprob/chemprob.html download
not needed
CHAPTER 1 - Measurements in Chemistry
Exercise 1-1 Significant Figures and Scientific Notation -
Exercise 1-1
1-2 Unit Conversions -
Exercise 1-2
Tutorials
Significant Figures
http://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/fyp/mathrev/mr-sigfg.html
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch1/sigfigs.html
https://chemfiesta.wordpress.com/2015/03/26/sig-figs-graphing-scientific-method/
http://chemcollective.org/activities/tutorials/stoich/significant_figures
http://www.chemteam.info/SigFigs/SigFigs.html
http://www.learnchem.net/tutorials/basics.shtml#SigFigs
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
Scientific Notation
http://www.chemtutor.com/numbr.htm#sci
http://www.wtamu.edu/academic/anns/mps/math/mathlab/col_algebra/col_alg_tut3_scinot.htm
http://www.purplemath.com/modules/exponent3.htm
http://www.ausetute.com.au/notation.html
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
Metric System
https://www2.southeastern.edu/Academics/Faculty/wparkinson/help/metric_units/lesson_index.html
https://getchemistryhelp.com/chemistry-lesson-metric-system-conversions/
Unit Conversions or Dimensional analysis
http://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/fyp/mathrev/mr-da.html
http://chemistry.alanearhart.org/Old/Tutorials/DimAnal/dimanal-part2.html
http://www.tutor-homework.com/Chemistry_Help/Unit_Conversion.html
http://www.alysion.org/dimensional/fun.htm
https://chemfiesta.wordpress.com/2016/03/30/unit-conversions/
http://www.chemprofessor.com/dimension_text.htm
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
CHAPTER 2 - Matter, Changes and Energy
Exercise 2-1 Density -
Exercise 2-1
2-2 Terminology -
Exercise 2-2
Tutorials
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/matter/index.shtml
http://www.gcsescience.com/e9-substance-physical-state.htm
http://www.chemtutor.com/sta.htm
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
Glossary
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/matter/index.shtml
States
of
matter
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html
http://www.learnchem.net/tutorials/som.shtml
http://www.chemtutor.com/sta.htm
https://www.tes.co.uk/teaching-resource/States-of-Matter-solids-liquids-and-gases-6335122/
http://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Chemistry/1/States-of-Matter/120
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Properties_of_Matter/Classification_of_Matter
Phase
changes
http://www.physicstutorials.org/home/heat-temperature-and-thermal-expansion/change-of-phasestate-phase-transition
Density
https://www.ausetute.com.au/density.html
CHAPTER 3 - Elements,
Compounds, and Their Composition
Exercise 3-1 Symbols and Properties of the
Elements -
Exercise 3-1
3-2 Protons, Neutrons, Electrons and Isotopes
-
Exercise 3-2
Tutorials
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/atoms/index.shtml
http://www.gcsescience.com/a1-atom-electron-neutron-proton.htm
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch2/
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
CHAPTER 4 - The Periodic
Table and Chemical Nomenclature
Exercise 4-1 Polyatomic Ions -
Exercise 4-1
4-2 Formulas of Compounds -
Exercise 4-2
4-3 Nomenclature and
Properties of Compounds -
Exercise 4-3
Tutorials
Nomenclature
http://science.widener.edu/svb/pset/nomen_b.html
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/compounds/index.shtml
https://chemfiesta.wordpress.com/2015/01/13/naming-worksheets/
https://opentextbc.ca/chemistry/chapter/2-7-chemical-nomenclature/
Periodicity
http://www.chemtutor.com/perich.htm
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/propsmenu.html#top
https://chemfiesta.org/2015/09/18/the-periodic-table/
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Periodicity_and_Electron_Configurations
CHAPTER 5 - Modern Atomic Theory
Exercise 5-1 Electronic Structure of Atoms-
Exercise 5-1
5-2 Periodic Properties of the Elements -
Exercise 5-2
Tutorials
Electron structure
http://www.chemtutor.com/struct.htm#con
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/electrons/index.shtml
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/properties/elstructs.html#top
http://electronconfiguration.info/
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
Periodicity
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
https://chemfiesta.org/2015/09/18/the-periodic-table/
https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/2-5-the-periodic-table
CHAPTER
6 - The Chemical Bond
Exercise 6-1 Valence and Ion Electron
Structures-
Exercise 6-1
6-2 Lewis Structures of Molecules -
Exercise 6-2
6-3 Bond Type and Polarity -
Exercise 6-3
Tutorials
Bonding
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/tutorials/chemistry/page2.html
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/bondingmenu.html
http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/asset/lsps07_int_chembonds/
http://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Chemistry/1/Chemical-Bonding/55
http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/chembond/
http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch01/ch1-3depth.html
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
Lewis Dot Structures
https://teachercavalcade.wordpress.com/2015/03/24/ionic-and-covalent-compounds/
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch8/lewis.html
http://www.chemteam.info/Bonding/Lewis-Structure-1MoreAns.html
http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch01/ch1-3depth.html
https://chemfiesta.wordpress.com/2016/03/30/lewis-structures-and-vsepr/
https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/7-3-lewis-symbols-and-structures
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
Molecular Geometry
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/vsepr/
http://www.chemteam.info/VSEPR/VSEPR.html
http://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/vsepr/
http://www.tutor-homework.com/Chemistry_Help/Molecular_Geometry/Polar_Or_Nonpolar.html
http://www.chemistry-drills.com/VSEPR.php
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
CHAPTER
7 - Chemical Reactions
Exercise 7-1 Balancing and Classfying Chemical
Reactions -
Exercise 7-1
7-2 Net Ionic Equations and Double Replacements
Exercise 7-2
Tutorials
Classifcation of Reactions
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Types_of_chemical_reactions
http://www.chemtutor.com/react.htm
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
Balancing equations
http://library.thinkquest.org/10429/high/balequa/balequa.htm
http://misterguch.brinkster.net/eqnbalance.html
http://www.chemtutor.com/react.htm
http://www.chemteam.info/Equations/Equations.html
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Balancing_Equations
https://chemfiesta.wordpress.com/2015/09/04/balancing-equations/
http://www.chemteam.info/Equations/Equations.html
https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/4-1-writing-and-balancing-chemical-equations
https://opentextbc.ca/chemistry/chapter/4-1-writing-and-balancing-chemical-equations/
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/chemical-reactions-stoichiome#balancing-chemical-equations
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
Net ionic equations
http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/~cyau/HowtoWriteIonicEqns.htm
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
https://www.chemteam.info/Equations/Net-Ionic-Equation.html
CHAPTER 8 - Quantitative
Relationships in Chemistry
Exercise 8-1 Formula Mass, Moles and Molecules -
Exercise 8-1
8-2 Percent Composition, Empirical and Molecular Formulas
Exercise 8-2
8-3 Stoichiometry
Exercise 8-3
Tutorials
mole
https://chemfiesta.org/2014/10/31/calculations-worksheets/
http://www.chemtutor.com/mols.htm
http://www.gcsescience.com/m.htm
http://www.learnchem.net/tutorials/stoich.shtml
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
Percent Composition, empirical and molecular
formulas
http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~coursedev/Online%20tutorials/chemforms.htm
http://www.chemteam.info/Mole/EmpiricalFormula.html
https://chemfiesta.wordpress.com/2016/03/30/percent-composition-and-average-atomic-mass/
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
Stoichiometry
http://www.chemtutor.com/mols.htm#stoi
http://www.chemcollective.org/activities/tutorials/stoich/reaction_stoi
http://www.learnchem.net/tutorials/stoich.shtml
http://www.chemteam.info/Stoichiometry/Stoichiometry.html
http://www.pathwaystochemistry.com/stoichiometry-problem-tutorial/
http://www.scienceiscool.org/stoichiometry/
https://chemfiesta.wordpress.com/2015/03/26/chemical-equations-worksheets/
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Stoichiometry
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
CHAPTER
9 - The Gaseous State
Exercise 9-1 Gas Laws -
Exercise 9-1
9-2 Gases and Gas Stoichiometry
Exercise 9-2
Tutorials
https://legacyweb.chemistry.ohio-state.edu/betha/nealGasLaw/
http://www.chemtutor.com/gases.htm
http://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/KMT-Gas-Laws.html
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/gases/index.shtml
http://www.learnchem.net/tutorials/gases.shtml
https://chemfiesta.wordpress.com/2015/03/26/gases-and-their-laws/
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Gas_Laws
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
CHAPTER 10 - The Solid and Liquid States
Exercise 10-1 Energy Changes -
Exercise 10-1
Tutorials
Liquids and Solids
http://www.docbrown.info/page03/3_51energy.htm
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html
http://www.gcsescience.com/e9-substance-physical-state.htm
http://www.chemtutor.com/sta.htm
http://www.chemteam.info/Thermochem/Thermochem.html
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
Energy Changes
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/thermo/index.shtml
Thermodynamics
http://www.learnthermo.com/tutorials.php
For additional tutorials, see
Appendix D:
CHAPTER
11 - Aqueous Solutions
Exercise 11-1 Concentrations and Solution
Stoichiometry -
Exercise 11-1
Tutorials
http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~coursedev/Online%20tutorials/Solutions.htm
http://www.chemtutor.com/solution.htm
http://www.chem.ucla.edu/~gchemlab/soln_conc_web.htm
https://chemfiesta.wordpress.com/2015/03/26/gases-and-their-laws/
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
CHAPTER 12 - Acids, Bases, and Salts
Exercise 12-1 Acids and Bases, pH -
Exercise 12-1
Tutorials
Acid and base concepts
http://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Chemistry/1/Acids-and-Bases/58
http://www.gcsescience.com/aa.htm
http://www.chemtutor.com/acid.htm
http://www.sparknotes.com/chemistry/acidsbases/fundamentals/section1.html
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/acidbaseeqia/theories.html
https://chemfiesta.wordpress.com/2016/03/30/acids-and-bases/
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Properties_and_Theories_of_Acids_and_Bases
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
pH
http://www.chemtutor.com/acid.htm
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
Titrations
http://www.wiredchemist.com/chemistry/instructional/laboratory-tutorials/volumetric-analysis
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
CHAPTER 13 - Oxidation-Reduction
Reactions
Exercise 13-1 Oxidation and Reduction -
Exercise 13-1
Tutorials
Oxidation numbers
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Analytical_Chemistry/Electrochemistry/Redox_Chemistry/Oxidation_State
http://tutorialtub.com/info/assigning-oxidation-numbers-to-chemical-formulae
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch9/redox.php
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
Oxidation-Reduction reactions
http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~coursedev/Online%20tutorials/Redox.htm
http://chemistry.about.com/od/generalchemistry/ss/redoxbal.htm
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/redox/equations.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004970/redox/index.htm
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
Electrochemistry
http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/elchem/
CHAPTER 14 - Reaction Rates and
Equilibrium
Exercise 14-1 Equilibrium Expressions, Le Chatelier's
Principle -
Exercise 14-1
Tutorials
Equilibrium
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/equilibmenu.html
http://www.chem.illinois.edu/CLCTutorials/102/ICETables/SeeIt.html
https://chemfiesta.wordpress.com/2015/03/26/thermo-kinetics-and-equilibria/
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
Kinetics
http://www.gcsescience.com/rc-reaction-rates-links.htm
http://www.learnchem.net/tutorials/kinetics.shtml
http://www.chemistrylecturenotes.com/html/reaction_kinetics.html
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
CHAPTER
15 - Nuclear Chemistry
Exercise 15-1 Nuclear Chemistry -
Exercise 15-1
Tutorials
http://www2.lbl.gov/abc/
https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/21-introduction
https://chemfiesta.wordpress.com/2015/05/14/nuclear-chemistry/
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
CHAPTER
16 - Organic Chemistry
Exercise 16-1 Organic Chemistry -
Exercise 16-1
Tutorials
http://www.colby.edu/chemistry/OChem/OChemHome241.HTML
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/orgmenu.html#top
http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/weborganic/organictutorials.htm
https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/intro1.htm
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/orgmenu.html
https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/20-introduction
https://chemfiesta.wordpress.com/2015/07/23/organic-chemistry/
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9832A956597F2C3
APPENDIX
A - Names and Symbols of Common Ions Arranged by Charge and solubilities -
http://murov.info/ionform.htm
APPENDIX B - Useful Sites
on the Internet
Chemistry Directory - http://murov.info/webercises.htm
Periodic Tables -
http://murov.info/periodictables.htm
Periodic Table - timelines and history -
http://murov.info/timelines.htm
Properties of Organic Solvents -
http://murov.info/orgsolvents.htm
Chemistry
Sites of Steven Murov - http://murov.info
Chemistry Enrichment -
http://murov.info/chemenrichment.htm
APPENDIX C - Online (or virtual) Chemistry Texts
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry
https://openstax.org/details/books/chemistry-2e
https://opentextbc.ca/chemistry/
https://chemfiesta.org/
http://murov.info/chemessentials.htm
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry
ACKNOWLEDGMENT - All of the exercises linked above were developed
using the software called Hot Potatoes. http://web.uvic.ca/hrd/halfbaked/
last site check 6/5/21
hit counter started on 10/26/13