CLIMATE CHANGE DIRECTORY
and FOSSIL
FUEL ISSUES |
|
http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |
A new pictorial Powerpoint presentation on
the dangers of climate change is available at:
http://murov.info/climatechangeimages.ppt .
Climate Change
CONTENTS
Is the earth warming and if so what are the causes and consequences?
Editorial comments in red boxes are provided by the developer of this site to stimulate thinking. As you read the sites below, please consider yourself to be an unbiased juror with the task of weighing the evidence and reaching the most reasonable and logical conclusion. |
Overview
http://murov.info/climatechangecriticality.pdf
http://www.4cleanair.org/Documents/NACAAClimateSciencePrimerpost.pdf
http://www.aip.org/history/climate/index.htm
History -
http://www.aip.org/history/climate/co2.htm
http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/
http://cen.acs.org/articles/87/i51/Global-Warming-Climate-Change.html
http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=environment_about_ghg
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/globalwarming/what.html
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Climate_Change
https://environmentaljusticetv.wordpress.com/2013/03/27/permafrost-methane-time-bomb-nbc-news/
http://osse.ssec.wisc.edu/docs/outreach/Global_Warming_Fiction_Future_web.pdf
IPCC
2014 - http://www.ipcc.ch/
http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/index.shtml
http://ipcc-wg2.gov/SREX/
http://report.mitigation2014.org/spm/ipcc_wg3_ar5_summary-for-policymakers_approved.pdf
http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/
http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/ar5/prpc_syr/11022014_syr_copenhagen.pdf
2013 - http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/#.Ukmbma_n9LO
or http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/#.UkcKE6_n9LM
http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/uploads/WGIAR5-SPM_Approved27Sep2013.pdf
http://www.ipcc.ch/news_and_events/docs/ar5/press_release_ar5_wgi_en.pdf
http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/uploads/WGIAR5_WGI-12Doc2b_FinalDraft_All.pdf
http://www.ipcc.ch/
http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data.shtml
2012 - http://www.ipcc.ch/news_and_events/docs/srex/SREX_launch_media_advisory.pdf
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/ar5/review_of_wg_contributions.pdf
NOAA
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/bams-state-of-the-climate/2009.php
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/bams-state-of-the-climate/2012.php
https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/2012-state-climate-humidity
One of the common comments by climate change naysayers is that water is the most important greenhouse gas but is ignored by climate change proponents. However, the models do take water into account and in addition, the warming that the earth is experiencing is causing an increase in the water content of the atmosphere and this unfortunate feedback processes that increases the concentration of water, a greenhouse gas, could accelerate global warming. Please see the previous website for a graph of global humidity vs. year. |
NCADAC
http://www.globalchange.gov/ncadac
http://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/NCADAC/index.html
National
Research Council
http://nas-sites.org/americasclimatechoices/more-resources-on-climate-change/climate-change-lines-of-evidence-booklet/
http://nas-sites.org/americasclimatechoices/
http://www.scribd.com/doc/98458016/Climate-Change-Lines-of-Evidence
Copenhagen Climate Change Conference - 2009
http://climatecongress.ku.dk/pdf/synthesisreport/
National Academy of Sciences
http://dels.nas.edu/Report/Advancing-Science-Climate-Change/12782
http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=18373
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/18373/abrupt-impacts-of-climate-change-anticipating-surprises
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/18730/climate-change-evidence-and-causes-set-of-5-booklets
EPA
http://epa.gov/climatechange/
CO2 emission sources - http://ghgdata.epa.gov/ghgp/main.do
http://www.epa.gov/climatestudents/basics/index.html
World Economic Forum
http://www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-risks-report-2016
International Energy Agency (IEA)
http://www.iea.org/topics/climatechange/
United States Global Change Research Program
(National Assessment Report)
http://www.globalchange.gov/climate-change
http://www.globalchange.gov/browse/indicators
http://downloads.globalchange.gov/ocp/ocp2013/ocp2013.pdf
http://www.globalchange.gov/what-we-do/assessment/previous-assessments/global-climate-change-impacts-in-the-us-2009
http://www.globalchange.gov/ncadac
http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/
http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report
http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/downloads
http://www.globalchange.gov/what-we-do/assessment
U.S.
Dept. of Defense
http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=121237
U.S.
Dept. of Energy
http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/07/f2/20130716-Energy%20Sector%20Vulnerabilities%20Report.pdf
U.S. Climate
Resilence Toolkit
http://toolkit.climate.gov/
Center for Climate and Security
http://climateandsecurity.org/2014/02/26/update-climate-security-101-why-the-u-s-national-security-establishment-takes-climate-change-seriously/
NASA
http://climate.nasa.gov/
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3125113/Earth-2100-Nasa-maps-reveal-world-need-adapt-rising-temperatures-caused-climate-change.html
http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/
Reinsurance Association of America
http://www.reinsurance.org/RAA/News/April_2014/Climate_Voices__Sharing_Scientists__Expertise_on_Climate_Change/
American
Chemical Society
https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/policy/publicpolicies/promote/globalclimatechange.html
http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience.html
https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/podcasts/globalchallenges/climatechange1.html
http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/podcasts/globalchallenges/climatechange2.html
http://cen.acs.org/articles/92/i16/Climate-Change-Revisited.html
The Pope
https://laudatosi.com/watch
https://eos.org/articles/pope-calls-for-action-on-climate-change-environmental-degradation
http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Pope-blasts-California-s-cap-and-trade-system-6336494.php
Scott Mandia
http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/mandias/global_warming/
and included hotlinks
Royal Society
http://royalsociety.org/policy/projects/climate-evidence-causes/
http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18730
International
Energy Agency
http://www.iea.org/topics/
NCAnet
http://ncanet.usgcrp.gov/
Risky
Business
http://riskybusiness.org/
Skeptical
Science
http://skepticalscience.com/
Mark Jacobson testimonies to Federal
agencies and other articles
http://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/
http://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/JDEnPolicyPt1.pdf
http://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/DJEnPolicyPt2.pdf
Real Climate
http://www.realclimate.org/
Colorado
State Univ. - 100 Views of Climate Change
http://changingclimates.colostate.edu/
Shaun Marcott (study of last 11,300 years)
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6124/1198.abstract
http://www.policymic.com/articles/29385/climate-change-new-study-demonstrates-it-s-definitely-man-made
Richard Muller - The conversion of a climate
change skeptic.
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/30/opinion/the-conversion-of-a-climate-change-skeptic.html?_r=2
http://berkeleyearth.org/
NACAA
http://www.4cleanair.org/Documents/NACAAClimateSciencePrimerpost.pdf
New Yorker Magazine
http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/08/24/the-weight-of-the-world
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact
Research
http://www.pik-potsdam.de/
World Meteorological Association
http://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/index_en.php
Stanford -Concensus for Action
http://consensusforaction.stanford.edu/
http://mahb.stanford.edu/consensus-statement-from-global-scientists/
Yale (opinion surveys)
http://environment.yale.edu/climate-communication/projects/research/
http://environment.yale.edu/climate-communication/article/climate-change-in-the-american-christian-mind/
http://environment.yale.edu/poe/v2014/
http://environment.yale.edu/climate-communication/article/climate-change-in-the-american-mind-april-2014
http://environment.yale.edu/climate-communication/article/Global-Warming-CCAM-March-2015
http://e360.yale.edu/feature/how_can_we_make_people_care_about_climate_change/2892/
Recent
Findings
feedback loops -
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v520/n7546/full/nature14338.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20150409
http://gaia.whrc.org/news/pressroom/PR-2015-Apr-09-Permafrost-Thaw.html
http://www.sci-tech-today.com/news/Data--Faster-Warming-Trend-2001-10/story.xhtml?story_id=010000K6VTOK
http://environment.yale.edu/climate-communication/article/Climate-Beliefs-September-2012/
http://woods.stanford.edu/news-events/news/climate-change-occurring-faster-ever
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/341/6145/472
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/341/6145/486
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/20/science/earth/extremely-likely-that-human-activity-is-driving-climate-change-panel-finds.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&
http://theweek.com/article/index/248472/4-shocking-findings-from-the-uns-latest-climate-change-report
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-05/ice-melting-faster-in-greenland-and-antarctica-in-un-leak.html
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v502/n7470/full/nature12540.html
(for full article,
must be a Nature subscriber but some info below)
http://www.nature.com/news/climate-change-gets-clocked-1.13922
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/10/science/earth/by-2047-coldest-years-will-be-warmer-than-hottest-in-past.html?partner=rss&emc=rss
http://www.weather.com/news/news/2047-coldest-years-may-be-warmer-hottest-past-20131009
http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=18373
http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18373
Climate
change in California (also see
Drought in California)
http://cal-adapt.org/
http://stanford.maps.arcgis.com/apps/StorytellingTextLegend/index.html?appid=dafe2393fd2e4acc8b0a4e6e71d0b6d5
http://www.opr.ca.gov/m_climatechange.php
http://www.climatechange.ca.gov/
http://blogs.sacbee.com/capitolalertlatest/2012/08/jerry-brown-launches-website-to-rebut-climate-change-skeptics.html
http://oehha.ca.gov/multimedia/epic/
http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1065
http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18065
CalEnvironScreen -
http://oehha.ca.gov/ej/ces2.html
Southwest Climate Change Assessment Report
http://www.swcarr.arizona.edu/
Alternate Explanations and Conspiracy Suggestions
The PBS broadcast (10/23/12) of the Frontline program called Climate of Doubt examines the actions of climate change deniers. It is available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/climate-of-doubt/ . This program focuses on the thoughts and actions of climate change deniers and shows how they have, by using money and invoking fear, successfully lowered climate change to a low priority issue. Notice that the environment was for all practical purposes not mentioned in any of the three presidential debates (2012 - other than a brief mention of renewable energy). Climate of Doubt is a must watch program for everyone. When one of the deniers was asked near the end of the program the question what if you are wrong, his response was that he would apologize and then reverse direction. This is not an acceptable approach as the pay later instead of paying now approach comes with severe consequences and considerable suffering and it will take decades to reverse the trend. It is likely that each year of delay will cost many years of corrective action. Even if climate change consequences are exaggerated, ocean acidification poses another terrible threat. There are also oil rig, mining and pipeline accidents and resultant environmental impacts along with air pollution, water pollution and wars that result from fossil fuel use. It is time that we take action. The children of the world are depending on us. |
http://e360.yale.edu/feature/how_can_we_make_people_care_about_climate_change/2892/
http://www.skepticalscience.com/argument.php
http://www.skepticalscience.com/
http://www.carbonbrief.org/blog/2011/04/900-papers-part-two-using-our-paper-is-misleading
http://www.globalwarminglie.org/
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2217286/Global-warming-stopped-16-years-ago-reveals-Met-Office-report-quietly-released--chart-prove-it.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming_controversy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming_conspiracy_theory
http://www.forbes.com/sites/charleskadlec/2011/07/25/the-goal-is-power-the-global-warming-conspiracy/
http://truth-out.org/news/item/9445-who-is-behind-the-conspiracy-against-climate-change-science
http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424053111904537404576554750502443800?mod=googlenews_wsj&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424053111904537404576554750502443800.html%3Fmod%3Dgooglenews_wsj
however, see:
http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/442903.2009GL041327.pdf
http://arstechnica.com/science/2011/08/cern-investigates-connection-between-cosmic-rays-and-clouds/
http://townhall.com/columnists/johnstossel/2014/12/10/climate-catastrophe-n1929523/page/full
Milankovitch cycles
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/milankovitch.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milankovitch_cycles
http://marineecology.wcp.muohio.edu/climate_projects_04/glacial_cycles/web/pdf/MilankovitchCycles.pdf
http://www.greeniacs.com/GreeniacsArticles/Global-Warming/Milankovitch-Cycles.html
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v529/n7585/full/nature16494.html
David Taylor (VOX)
http://www.vox.com/2015/5/12/8588273/the-arguments-that-convinced-this-libertarian-to-support-a-carbon-tax
http://www.vox.com/2015/5/15/8612113/truth-climate-change
http://www.vox.com/2015/5/19/8624229/the-news-on-climate-is-awful-so-now-what
http://www.vox.com/2015/5/14/8603543/conservatives-climate-change
Resistance to accepting anthropogenic
climate change can usually be attributed to several
factors: some claim the science evidence does not
support anthropogenic climate change, others say that any
changes observed are due to astronomical cycles and not to
human action and others simply think that the impact on
our economy will be disastrous if action is taken to avoid
climate change. Some people including some prominent
politicians have gone so far as to call climate change a
conspiracy (to enable scientists to obtain funding), a
hoax and comical. For example, see: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/19/boehner-calls-global-warm_n_188688.html http://thinkprogress.org/politics/2009/06/26/47862/broun-globalwarming-hoax/ http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/03/09/441515/inhofe-god-says-global-warming-is-a-hoax/ |
Greenhouse gases as possible culprits
Current technology enables the determination of the concentration of the greenhouse gases (water, CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, freons and SF6) to be very accurately determined. There is no doubt that the gases have been increasing during the last two centuries with CO2 increasing almost 40 % from 280 ppm to 400 ppm. The increase can be directly correlated with the burning of fossil fuels by humans. The only legitimate scientific question is how the increase in greenhouse gasses will influence the global climate. The articles above provide substantial evidence regarding this issue but it is your responsibility as a juror to reach your own conclusions. |
Summaries
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/index.html
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/usinventoryreport.html
http://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting/index.html
http://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting/ghgdata/reportingdatasets.html
http://epa.gov/climatechange/kids/basics/today/greenhouse-gases.html
http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggccebro/chapter1.html
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/faq/greenhouse-gases.php
http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/current_ghg.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/grnhse.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas
http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2000/ast29aug_1/
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/campaign/pdf/gases_en.pdf
water
http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/vapor_warming.html
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/technical-papers/climate-change-water-en.pdf
To some and perhaps many people, it is
inconceivable that human action could affect the
concentrations of the major constituents of the
atmosphere. However, very few people when asked, can
name the three most abundant gases in dry air (water is
often #3 but varies from 0 to 4%). Some people can
name 2 of the top 3 (nitrogen - 78% and oxygen - 21%) but
very few name #3 correctly (argon 0.93%) and most
incorrectly and importantly include CO2 among the
top 3. CO2 ranks at #4 but only at 0.04%
(up from 0.03% over the last 200 years due to fossil
fuel combustion). Because atmospheric CO2
is so low, the amount of CO2 produced from
combustion is not insignificant with respect to the amount
in the atmosphere. As a result and due to its long
atmospheric life, human action has clearly increased the CO2
content of the atmosphere. It might seem surprising that human activity could produce enough carbon dioxide to affect the atmosphere. As a very rough idea, the volume of oil burned every year is about one cubic mile or about 1/4 of the volume of Crater Lake. Converted to gas, the volume is huge and about the volume of Lake Superior. This is for oil only and is more than double when considering the burning of all fossil fuels including coal. This is just for one year. Over the 200 years of the industrial revolution, burning has caused a 40% change in the atmospheric content of carbon dioxide. |
CO2
(carbon dioxide)
http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/
http://co2now.org/Know-GHGs/All-Greenhouse-Gases/carbon-dioxide-information-analysis-center.html
http://co2now.org/
http://www.aip.org/history/climate/co2.htm
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/
http://planetforlife.com/co2history/index.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbondioxide
http://www.democracynow.org/2013/5/13/climate_tipping_point_concentration_of_carbon
http://planetsave.com/2013/05/14/noaas-mauna-loa-observatory-sees-400ppm-carbon-dioxide-levels/
carbon dioxide concentration correlation with temperature
changes
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v484/n7392/full/nature10915.html
http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/04/new-research-proves-rising-carbon-dioxide-levels-led-to-climate-change-before/
http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2012/04/04/ice_age_data_bolsters_greenhouse_gas_warming_link/
http://www.skepticalscience.com/co2-lags-temperature.htm
CH4
(methane) (also see
Fracking)
http://www.atmosresearch.com/NCGG2a%202002.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane
http://www.climatecentral.org/news/limiting-methane-leaks-critical-to-gas-climate-benefits-16020?gclid=COPqyoSetLcCFeLm7AodMlkASA
Permafrost and
methane feedback mechanisms
http://environmentaljusticetv.wordpress.com/2013/03/27/permafrost-methane-time-bomb-nbc-news/
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/08/060829-methane-warming.html
http://www.epa.gov/climatestudents/impacts/signs/permafrost.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_methane_release
http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/JustOneThing/story?id=8457650#.UZl6Vqrn9LM
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18120093
http://www.columbiatribune.com/news/perspectives/troubling-bubbles/article_58415ab1-f382-5425-bd0d-033e159bc5ee.html
DANGER, DANGER! It is possible that the observed warming of the earth could cause melting of permafrost in the Arctic. The melting will result in the release of trapped methane which is a much more effective greenhouse gas than CO2. This phenomenon (a feedback mechanism) could accelerate the warming process and significantly shorten the time available for action to avoid serious consequences from climate change. |
Fluorocarbons
http://www.fluorocarbons.org/95
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorocarbon
N2O
(nitrous oxide)
http://epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/n2o.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrous_oxide
Black carbon
(technically not a gas)
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080323210225.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_carbon
O3
(ozone)
http://www.oar.noaa.gov/climate/t_ozonelayer.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone#Ozone_as_a_greenhouse_gas
Society has the tendency to act on challenges only when the challenge reaches the crisis stage. With regard to the issue of climate change, even if you conclude that the probability is very low that climate change is anthropogenic, action should be taken now. Unless your conclusion is that there is a zero chance, anthropogenic climate change warrants action as the consequences to life on earth could be beyond imagination. The problem is that waiting until climate change causes a crisis is not acceptable as unlike many of society's other crisis, the fixes take decades. If the crisis stage is reached, there will be many decades of very negative consequences. Can we afford to take any risk that anthropogenic climate change is real? |
Some
Possible Consequences of Global Warming
http://www.globalchange.gov/browse/indicators
Sea level
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_sea_level_rise
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/
http://www.climate.org/topics/sea-level/index.html
http://co2now.org/Know-the-Changing-Climate/Effects/ipcc-faq-sea-level-rise.html
http://www.cop.noaa.gov/stressors/climatechange/current/sea_level_rise.aspx
http://geology.com/sea-level-rise/
http://www.pik-potsdam.de/news/press-releases/jedes-grad-erderwaermung-koennte-den-meeresspiegel-auf-lange-sicht-um-mehr-als-2-meter-erhoehen
Habitat
change
http://eebweb.arizona.edu/courses/Ecol206/Walther%20et%20al%20Nature%202002.pdf
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/
http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/climate-change/impacts/habitat_loss/
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0006392
http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2012/01/06/18704233.php
http://indymedia.org.au/2012/01/22/biodiversity-crisis-habitat-loss-and-climate-change-causing-6th-mass-extinction
human migration
http://ipcc-wg2.gov/njlite_download.php?id=5866
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/migration_and_climate_change_a_unesco_publication_on_one_of_the_greatest_challenges_facing_our_time/
http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=34&products_id=1429&zenid=2gv7f79o3g1dm2v6dh0ktp15s6
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTSOCIALDEVELOPMENT/Resources/SDCCWorkingPaper_MigrationandConflict.pdf
Glaciers
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/big-thaw/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retreat_of_glaciers_since_1850
http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2012/0503/Greenland-s-glaciers-melting-faster-say-scientists
http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/17/world/asia/glacier-himalayas-gain-mass/index.html
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/global-warming-and-melting-glaciers.html
http://www.agu.org/cgi-bin/highlights/highlights.cgi?action=show&doi=10.1029/2010PA002088&jc=pa
video - http://www.upworthy.com/they-took-a-camera-to-a-remote-area-in-greenland-and-what-they-recorded-is-simply-terrifying?c=reccon1
Ocean
circulation
http://www.pik-potsdam.de/~stefan/Publications/Book_chapters/rahmstorf_eqs_2006.pdf
http://www.aip.org/history/climate/oceans.htm
http://www.piscoweb.org/research/science-by-discipline/coastal-oceanography/ocean-currents
http://www.geomar.de/en/research/fb1/
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/meteo469/node/218
Weather
disasters and extremes
http://www.epa.gov/highgwp1/electricpower-sf6/documents/conf12_Extreme-Weather_JayGulledge.pdf
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/comparl/envi/pdf/externalexpertise/ieep_6leg/naturaldisasters.pdf
http://climatechangepsychology.blogspot.com/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/03/climate-change-us-heat-wave-wildfire-flooding_n_1645616.html
http://www.skepticalscience.com/extreme-weather-global-warming.htm
Arguments that the earth is warming are based predominantly on graphs such as the one above entitled Global Temperatures. The data for these graphs results from a very complex averaging of temperature monitoring stations around the globe and is subject to a significant margin of error and controversy. Another way of analyzing the temperature trends of the earth is to look at the number of record cold and hot temperatures set each year. As one might expect, the number historically has been about equal. However, for the last decade, the number of record highs has been double the number of record lows and for the last year, the number of record highs has been about 7 times the number of record lows. Individual weather events should not be taken as evidence for or against global climate change but trends over many years provide evidence that should not be dismissed. |
Agriculture
http://www.preventionweb.net/files/1090_foodproduction.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture
http://www.wallacechair.iastate.edu/PDF/Rosenzweig-Booklet.pdf
http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/29020/1/20020151.pdf
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/agriculture.html
http://climatechange.worldbank.org/content/climate-smart-agriculture
http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/climate-change/index_en.htm
http://www.climate.org/topics/agriculture.html
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2012/smsn/ngo/189.pdf
http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i2096e/i2096e00.htm
Water
Resources
http://www.water.ca.gov/climatechange/cc101.cfm
http://www.usgs.gov/blogs/features/2010/11/16/usgs-advocates-geography-awareness/
http://water.epa.gov/scitech/climatechange/index.cfm
http://water.worldbank.org/topics/water-resources-management/water-and-climate-change
http://www.idrc.ca/EN/Programs/Agriculture_and_the_Environment/Climate_Change_and_Water/Pages/default.aspx
http://www.nrdc.org/water/readiness/
http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i2096e/i2096e00.htm
Tempers,
Violence and Wars
http://bigstory.ap.org/article/study-hotter-temperatures-leads-hotter-tempers
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-23538771
Wildfires
http://www.energy.ca.gov/2012publications/CEC-500-2012-030/CEC-500-2012-030.pdf
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/05/business/energy-environment/wildfires-and-climate-change.html?_r=2&
http://www.theverge.com/2013/10/22/4865460/climate-change-linked-to-wildfires-heat-waves-united-nations-christiana-figueres
http://snri.ucmerced.edu/news/study-media-avoid-climate-context-wildfire-coverage
http://mediamatters.org/research/2012/07/03/study-media-avoid-climate-context-in-wildfire-c/186921
Fossil Fuel Issues (in addition to the possibility of fossil fuel caused global climate change)
Even if climate change is not anthropogenic, there are many other problems associated with the use of fossil fuels. Can we justify continued exploration and exploitation of fossil fuels and accept the deaths and environmental damage that are directly attributable to fossil fuels? Clearly, abruptly stopping or even quickly phasing out fossil fuels would cause much more harm than good but should we be investing heavily in research into alternative energy sources to enable the gradual phase out of fossil fuels? |
General
http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2011/04/19/9463/fossil-fuels-a-legacy-of-disaster/
http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Safety-and-Security/Safety-of-Plants/Appendices/Safety-of-Nuclear-Power-Reactors---Appendix/
Ocean acidification, coral reefs
http://www.nrdc.org/oceans/acidification/
http://www.epoca-project.eu/
http://www.epoca-project.eu/index.php/what-is-ocean-acidification.html
http://www.us-ocb.org/publications/oa_guide_english.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_acidification
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Acidification
http://oceanacidification.net/
Depletion
http://www.resilience.org/primer
http://www.peakoil.net/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubbert_peak_theory
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2010/11/101109-peak-oil-iea-world-energy-outlook/
http://greatchange.org/ov-campbell,outlook.html
http://www.odac-info.org/
http://www.oildepletion.org/roger/index.htm
http://www.oildecline.com/
http://www.wikinvest.com/concept/Peak_Oil
Wars
http://www.globalissues.org/issue/103/middle-east
http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/09/does-climate-change-cause-war/
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTSOCIALDEVELOPMENT/Resources/SDCCWorkingPaper_MigrationandConflict.pdf
Mining
accidents
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/182484/International-Mining-Fatality-Database-project-report.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining
http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Coal_mining_disasters
U.S. - http://www.bls.gov/iif/oshwc/osh/os/osar0012.htm
http://www.msha.gov/mshainfo/factsheets/mshafct2.htm
Oil rig
accidents
http://www.oilrigdisasters.co.uk/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_explosion
http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/deepwaterhorizon
Pipeline
explosions
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pipeline_accidents
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pipeline_accidents_in_the_United_States
Acid rain
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/acid-rain-overview/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain
http://water.usgs.gov/edu/acidrain.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/Environmental_Problems/acid_rain.html
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/acidrain.html
http://geography.about.com/od/globalproblemsandissues/a/acidrain.htm
http://www.berkeyfilters.com/articles/the-causes-and-effects-of-acid-rain-water/
Water
pollution
http://www2.worldwater.org/datav7/chapter_4_fossil_fuel_and_water_quality.pdf
oil spills
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill
http://www.environmentalpollutioncenters.org/oil-spill/humans/
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Oc-Po/Oil-Spills-Impact-on-the-Ocean.html
http://www.environmentalpollutioncenters.org/oil-spill/
Air pollution (radiation, mercury, sulfur and nitrogen
oxides)
http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/air-emissions.html
https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2012/02/16/2012-806/national-emission-standards-for-hazardous-air-pollutants-from-coal--and-oil-fired-electric-utility?utm_medium=section_news&utm_source=homepage
coal
http://www.lung.org/assets/documents/healthy-air/coal-fired-plant-hazards.pdf
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/coalvswind/c02c.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_coal_industry
oil
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_petroleum_industry
powerpoint - http://www.slideshare.net/mechportal/air-pollution-in-petroleum-industry
Fracking (also see CH4)
http://www.earthworksaction.org/issues/detail/hydraulic_fracturing_101
http://www.economonitor.com/dolanecon/2012/05/04/fracking-and-the-environment-an-economic-perspective/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-08-11/gas-fracking-poses-serious-environmental-risks-u-s-panel-finds.html
http://water.epa.gov/type/groundwater/uic/class2/hydraulicfracturing/wells_hydrowhat.cfm
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/28/epa-methane-report_n_3175130.html
http://www.theoec.org/Fracking?gclid=CNLN7ZCftLcCFYLm7AodqSYA1w
http://harvardmagazine.com/2013/01/frackings-future
http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/project_syndicate/2012/09/thanks_to_fracking_u_s_carbon_emissions_are_at_the_lowest_levels_in_20_years_.html
Allergies
http://www.nrdc.org/living/healthreports/something-air-allergies-climate-change.asp
http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/impacts/climate-and-allergies.html
http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1841125,00.html
Radiation
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/coal-ash-is-more-radioactive-than-nuclear-waste/
http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs163-97/FS-163-97.html
Plant
Growth Rates
http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/effects-of-rising-atmospheric-concentrations-of-carbon-13254108
http://vtdigger.org/2013/09/02/invasive-plants-on-the-rise-in-vermont/
http://www.liebertpub.com/MContent/Files/Kleinman_ch19_p379-398.pdf
Atmospheric information
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7a.html
http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/chemistry/3_1/3_1_4.html
http://databib.org/index.php
Resources
for teachers (and students)
http://www.education.noaa.gov/Climate/Climate_Change_Impacts.html
http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Resources/FAQs/glob_warmfaq.html
http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience.html
http://www.explainingclimatechange.ca/
http://www.explainingclimatechange.ca/Climate%20Change%201-8/Lessons/lessons.html
http://www.ccce.divched.org/spring2012confchemp7
http://www.facingthefuture.org/
https://www.facingthefuture.org/collections/high-school-curriculum/products/exploring-global-
issues-social-economic-and-environmental-interconnections-grades-9-12?variant=13634214211
http://www.climatechangeeducation.org/
http://www.bbcleaningservice.com/get-clean-go-green.html
NCSE (National Center for Science Education) - http://ncse.com/climate
http://ncse.com/news/2013/04/evolution-climate-change-ngss-0014800
NOAA - http://www.climate.gov/teaching/2014-national-climate-assessment-resources-educators
acid rain - http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/acidrain.html
CREEC - http://www.creec.org/programs
CLEAN -
http://cleanet.org/index.html
NSTA -
http://www.nsta.org/climate/
EPA -
http://www.epa.gov/climatestudents/index.html
VC3 -
http://www.kcvs.ca/vc3/Lessons/homePage.htm
PhET -
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/greenhouse
NASA -
http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/
Middle School
http://www.ucar.edu/learn/index.htm
http://www.ucar.edu/learn/1.htm
http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resource/res00000762/climate-change
Powerpoint
Presentations
http://www.slideshare.net/guestf307ffe/greenhouse-gases-and-global-warming-presentation
http://www.slideshare.net/gowoodard/global-warming-its-worse-than-we-thought
http://www.slideshare.net/djhspence/climate-change-science-since-2007
http://www.slideshare.net/u439/global-warming-2433040
http://www.slideshare.net/sylvain_richer/climate-change-a-silent-threat-by-srdf
http://science.pppst.com/globalwarming.html
http://policy.audubon.org/climate-change-powerpoint-presentation
Online course
http://www.epainstitute.com/Global-Warming.html
Environmental
Education
http://www.cde.ca.gov/pd/ca/sc/oeeceein.asp
Sustainability
Suggestions
http://www.epa.gov/sustainability/
http://www.homeadvisor.com/article.show.Go-Green-at-Home-For-Kids-and-Adults.17339.html
http://www.improvenet.com/environmental-friendly-cleaners-for-your-home
http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/SmartWay.do
http://climatekids.nasa.gov/go-green/
http://www.epa.gov/watersense/
http://blog.intheswim.com/green-pools-operate-an-eco-friendly-pool/
http://mysterytacklebox.com/learn/protecting-fish-ocean-wildlife-from-pollution
http://www.bbcleaningservice.com/get-clean-go-green.html
book -
https://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466575325
http://www2.epa.gov/recycle/recycling-basics
Carbon
footprint calculator
http://www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/ind-calculator.html
http://www.nature.org/greenliving/carboncalculator/index.htm
Images
of environmental change
http://earthshots.usgs.gov/tableofcontents
Video
http://www.pbs.org/journeytoplanetearth/
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/greenhouse/
Richard Anderson's videos of presentations to MAPS (Modesto
Area Partners in Science) -
http://share.yosemite.edu/view.aspx?i=1E7L
ocean acidification - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgdlAt4CR-4
glacier loss -
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/earth/extreme-ice.html
http://www.cnn.com/videos/tv/2015/07/25/exp-gps-hansen-sot-climate.cnn
Renewable and Alternate Energy Sources nuclear fusion -
"On the arid lands there will spring up
industrial colonies without smoke and without
smokestacks; forests of glass tubes will extend
over the plains and glass buildings will rise
everywhere; inside of these will take place the
photochemical processes that hitherto have been
the guarded secret of the plants, but that will
have been mastered by human industry which will
know how to make them bear even more abundant
fruit than nature, for nature is not in a hurry
and mankind is. And if in a distant future the
supply of coal becomes completely exhausted,
civilization will not be checked by that, for
life and civilization will continue as long as
the sun shines!" Over 100 years later, we have
not achieved Ciamician's prediction but the sites
below provide an update on our progress.
http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=environment_about_ghg
http://www.altenergy.org/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_energy
http://www.autoinsurancecenter.com/students-guide-to-alternative-fuels.htm
http://www.improvenet.com/a/harness-the-power-of-the-sun-the-complete-guide-to-using-solar-energy
https://usinsuranceagents.com/solar-power-at-home
Conservation and use of wind,
solar and other renewable sources of energy should
help to diminish the long term consequences of
fossil fuel combustion. The problem has been
decades in the making and it will take many decades
to reach a maximum atmospheric carbon dioxide
concentration. To turn the production of
carbon dioxide around will probably require
technological breakthroughs. Two of the
possible areas for research are nuclear fusion and
artificial photosynthesis. Commerical
availability of these energy sources is probably at
least 20 years away. Historically, when there
has been a need for a rapid advance in science and
technology, the U.S. has responded with significant
financial and people investments. The
Manhattan Project and the Apollo mission to the moon
are two very successful examples of these dedicated
efforts to reach desired goals. Should we
consider such an effort to find alternatives to
fossil fuels? The sites below provide some
insight into the current research status of nuclear
fusion and artificial photosynthesis.
http://www.iter.org/
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/02/12/275896094/scientists-say-their-giant-laser-has-produced-nuclear-fusion
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/high-powered-lasers-deliver-fusion-energy-breakthrough/
http://phys.org/tags/artificial+photosynthesis/
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/artificial-photosynthesis-for-energy-takes-a-step-forward/
http://www.engineering.com/DesignerEdge/DesignerEdgeArticles/ArticleID/9567/A-Breakthrough-in-Artificial-Photosynthesis.aspx
JCAP - http://solarfuelshub.org/
Nocera - http://nocera.harvard.edu/Home
Ozin - https://raphazlab.wordpress.com/2014/01/09/geoffrey-a-ozin-artificial-photosynthesis-solar-fuels-from-the-sun-not-fossil-fuels-from-the-earth/
http://nanowizardry.info/
Brookhaven - http://www.bnl.gov/chemistry/AP/
Movies (commercial
documentaries)
An Inconvenient Truth - http://www.takepart.com/an-inconvenient-truth/film
Cool It - http://lomborg.com/cool-it
The Great Global Warming Swindle - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Global_Warming_Swindle
http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/climate-change/
Chasing Ice - http://www.chasingice.com/
The Burden -
http://www.theburdenfilm.com/
Global Warming -
https://answersingenesis.org/store/product/global-warming/?sku=30-9-225
Time to Choose -
http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/time-choose-telluride-review-821204
Part of the reason for studying history is to understand the causes of events that appear in hindsight to have been the wrong paths for civilization to have taken. Perhaps the best historical analog to climate change has been the issue of freons and their impact on the ozone layer. Primitive data in the early 1970's predicted that freons would negatively impact the ozone layer and among other negative effects result in an increase in skin cancer. The world heeded the scientific alerts and reacted in a fairly timely manner to phase out the use of freons. Data show that in fact the ozone layer was being impacted by freons including the production of an ozone hole over Antarctica with negative consequences on life. Fortunately the actions taken worldwide have limited the damage and there is now evidence that the ozone depletion recently reached a maximum and is now decreasing. The lesson for climate change has not sunk in, however, as the world for the most part is doing little to reverse fossil fuel consumption. |
The Ozone
Issue
http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/about/ozone.html
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/sc_fact.html
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/strathome.html
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ozone/index_en.htm
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/ozone-depletion-overview/
http://www.theozonehole.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion
Books
(recent)
http://cen.acs.org/articles/90/i50/Michael-Manns-Hockey-Stick.html
http://www.amazon.com/Hockey-Stick-Climate-Wars-Dispatches/dp/023115254X
http://www.amazon.com/Climate-Smart-Energy-Wise-Advancing/dp/1483304477
Atmosphere of Hope:
Searching for Solutions to the Climate Crisis
Hardcover
– October 6, 2015, by
Geoengineering
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoengineering
http://geo-engineering.blogspot.com/
http://nas-sites.org/americasclimatechoices/
Lectures
Modesto
Area Partners in Science (MAPS) events - http://maps.events.mjc.edu/
https://share.yosemite.edu/view.aspx?i=1E7L
Modesto
Junior College Science Colloquium -
https://ems.yosemite.edu/MasterCalendar/MasterCalendar.aspx
https://share.yosemite.edu/view.aspx?i=1EH5
Advocacy
organizations
Regional Economic Models,
Inc. REMI (National and Dividend Fee
Carbon Tax)
http://citizensclimatelobby.org/
http://www.remi.com/
https://dv7gcmvxe5e8l.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/REMI-National-SUMMARY.pdf
https://dv7gcmvxe5e8l.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/The-Economic-Climate-Fiscal-Power-and-Demographic-Impact-of-a-National-Fee-and-Dividend-Carbon-Tax-6.9.14.pdf
https://dv7gcmvxe5e8l.cloudfront.net/
https://citizensclimatelobby.org/remi-report/
https://citizensclimatelobby.org/carbon-fee-and-dividend/
Organizations Fighting for a Better Climate (from: Atmosphere of Hope: Searching for Solutions to the Climate Crisis Hardcover – October 6, 2015, by
Climate Communications & Research Organizations
Climate Advocacy
http://www.1millionwomen.com.au/
https://www.acfonline.org.au/
http://careclimatechange.org/
http://www.ceres.org/
http://citizensclimatelobby.org/
https://www.climaterealityproject.org/
Climate Action Networks
http://climatenetwork.org/
http://tcktcktck.org/
Renewable Energy
http://www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au/
http://www.irena.org/home/index.aspx?PriMenuID=12&mnu=Pri
http://www.ren21.net/
http://solar-aid.org/about
http://www.solarcitizens.org.au/
Divestment
http://350.org/
http://divestinvest.org/philanthropy/
Climate Youth Movements
http://www.aycc.org.au/
http://www.ourclimate.ca/
http://ukycc.org/
Exploring Matter: An
Interactive, Inexpensive Chemistry Exhibit for Museums
(contains 21
stations with 3 containing climate change related materials)
http://murov.info/EM-TOC.htm
Postscript:
In 1908,
Svante Arrhenius
publised a book entitled Worlds in the Making that
contained the following remarks:
"That the
atmospheric envelopes limit the heat losses from the planets
had been suggested about 1800 by the great French physicist
Fourier. His ideas were further developed afterwards by
Pouillet and Tyndall. Their theory has been styled the
hot-house theory, because they thought that the atmosphere
acted after the manner of the glass panes of hot-houses."
"... any doubling of the percentage of carbon dioxide in
the air would raise the temperature of the earth's surface
by 4�; and if the carbon dioxide were increased fourfold,
the temperature would rise by 8�."
"We often hear lamentations that the coal stored up in the
earth is wasted by the present generation without any
thought of the future, and we are terrified by the awful
destruction of life and property which has followed the
volcanic eruptions of our days. We may find a kind of
consolation in the consideration that here, as in every
other case, there is good mixed with the evil. By the
influence of the increasing percentage of carbonic acid in
the atmosphere, we may hope to enjoy ages with more
equable and better climates, especially as regards the
colder regions of the earth, ages when the earth will
bring forth much more abundant crops than at present, for
the benefit of rapidly propagating mankind."
It is now time for the jury to reach its verdict. Is it important to begin a phase out of fossil fuels? The verdict is in your hands. Remember that there is a possibility that the quality of life on earth depends on the decision. |
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